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ـﻫ١٤٣٠ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﺎﻤﺟ ــ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻊﻴﺑﺭ (٣٠ــ٢٩) ﻥﺍﺩﺪﻌﻟﺍ
ÍÃMI¹Ä
١٣٠
:ﻒﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﺔﻠﺠﻣ ـ١٣
ﺮــﺸﻋ ﺭﺪﺼﺗ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻓ ﺔﻳﺭﻭﺩ ﺔــﻠﺠﻣ
.ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺃ
.ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻱﺭﻮﻧ :ﺎﻬﺒﺣﺎﺻ
ﺔﻨــﺳ ﻑﺮــﺷﻷﺍ ﻒﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﻲــﻓ ﺕﺭﺪــﺻ
.ﻡ١٩٦٧ /ـﻫ١٣٨٧
ﻒﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ :ﻲــﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺃ ﺪــﺟﻮﺗ
.١٩٦٧ (١ ﺩﺪﻌﻟﺍ)
:ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺠﻣ ـ١٤
ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺔــﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺎﻫﺭﺪﺼﺗ ﺔــﻴﺑﺩﺃ ﺔﻠﺠﻣ
ﺖﺤﻨﻣ ،ﻑﺮــﺷﻷﺍ ﻒــﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﻲــﻓ ﺔــﻴﺑﺩﻷﺍ
ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍ ـﻫ١٣٩١ ﺔﺠﺤﻟﺍ ﻱﺫ ٢٨ ﻲﻓ ﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﻻﺍ
ﺔــﻴﺑﺩﺃ ﺔــﻴﻓﺎﻘﺛ ﺔــﻠﺠﻣ ،ﻡ١٩٧٢ ﻁﺎﺒــﺷ ١٤
ﺓﺪﻌﻘﻟﺍ ﻱﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺮﺷﻷﺍ ﻒﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺭﺪﺻ
.ﻡ١٩٧٣ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻛ /ـﻫ١٣٩٣
:ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺠﻣ ـ١٥
ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺔﻴــﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺔﻴﻔــﺴﻠﻓ ﺔــﻴﻨﻳﺩ ﺔــﻠﺠﻣ
ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺔــﻠﺠﻣ ﻝﻭﺃ ﻲــﻫﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﻬــﺷ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺻ
.ﻱﺭﻮﺘﺳﺪﻟﺍ ﺏﻼﻘﻧﻻﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺕﺭﺪﺻ ﺔﻳﺩﺮﻓ
ﻦــﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺔــﺒﻫ ﻲــﻠﻋ ﺪــﻤﺤﻣ :ﺎــﻬﺒﺣﺎﺻ
ﻲﻓ (ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﻲــﻨﻳﺩ ﻢﻟﺎﻋ)
(١)
ﻲﻧﺎﺘــﺳﺮﻬﺸﻟﺍ
ﺩﺍﺪﻐﺑ ﻲﻓ ﺎــﻬﻌﺒﻄﻳ ﻥﺎﻛﻭ ﻑﺮــﺷﻷﺍ ﻒﺠﻨﻟﺍ
(ﻱﺮﻫﺍﻮﺠﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻳﺩ)ﻭ ،١٩٢٨ (ﺔﻔﻃﺎﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ)ﻭ ،١٩٢٤ ﺔﻨﺳ ﻊﺒﻃ (ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﺣ) :ﺔﻋﻮﺒﻄﻤﻟﺍ ﻪﺗﺎﻔﻟﺆﻣ
ﺔﻌﺒﻃﻭ ،١٩٨٠ـ١٩٧٣ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺃ ﺔﻌﺒــﺴﺑ ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﺔﻌﺒﻃﻭ ـ١٩٤٩ ﻥﺍﺀﺰﺟ ـ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﻄﻟﺍﻭ ١٩٣٥
:ﻪﺑﺎﺒﺷ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﺎﻗ ﺪﻗ ﻥﺎﻛ ـ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺃ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﻖﺸﻣﺩ ﺔﻌﺒﻃﻭ ـ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺃ ﺔﻌﺑﺭﺃ ـ ﺕﻭﺮﻴﺑ ﺓﺩﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ
(ﺎﻧﺃ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻥﺃ ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻲﻨﺘﺛﺪﺣ ﺍﺪﺑ ﻢﺠﻧ ﻦﻋ ﺖﺛﺪﺣ ﺎﻤﻠﻛ)
(ـﻫ١٣٨٦ ـ ١٣٠١) (ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺸﻟﺍ) ﻲﻨﻴـ ﺴﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﻫ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ
(١)
:(ﻡ١٩٦٧ ـ ١٨٨٤)
ﻚﻠﻔﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻊــﻠﻀﺘﻣ ﻢﻠﻜﺘﻣ ﻪﻴﻘﻓﻭ ﺩﺪﺠﻣ ﺢﻠﺼﻣﻭ ﺪــﻬﺘﺠﻣ ﻢﻟﺎﻋ
ﻲﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺮــﺸﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻢﻠﻌﺗ ﺎﻬﻴﻓﻭ ،ﺀﺍﺮﻣﺎــﺳ ﻲﻓ ﺪﻟﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺠﻟﺍﻭ
ﺓﺯﺎﺟﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﺼﺣ ﻑﺮــﺷﻷﺍ ﻒﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﻮــﻠﻋ ﺱﺭﺩ ﺀﻼــﺑﺮﻛ
ﺓﺭﺮﺤﺘﻣ ﺔﻋﺰﻧ ﺍﺫ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻪﺗﺬﺗﺎﺳﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻝﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﻢﻠﻋﻭ ﻖﻄﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ
ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻫﺪﻌﺑ ﻞﺣﺭﻭ ﻦﻴﺘﻨــﺳ ﺓﺪﻤﻟ (ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺍ) ﺔﻠﺠﻣ ﻑﺮــﺷﻷﺍ ﻒﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺪﺻﺃ
ﻰﻟﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﺮﺤﻟﺍﻭ ١٩١٤ ﺔﻨﺳ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺎﻋ ﻢﺛ ﺪﻨﻬﻟﺍ ﺩﻼﺑﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺰﺠﻟﺍ
ﻲﺒﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺶﻴﺠﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺑﻮﺒﺤﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻌﺳ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺪﻬﺘﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻣﻙﺮﺘﺷﺎﻓ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ
ﺓﺭﻮﺛ ﻲﻓ ﻙﺮﺘﺷﺍ ﻕﺍﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﻟﻼﺘﺣﺍ ﺪﻌﺑﻭ ﺰﻴﻠﻜﻧﻹﺍ ﻊﻣ (ﺔﺒﻴﻌﺸﻟﺍ) ﻙﺭﺎﻌﻣ ﻲﻓ
ﻮﻔﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﻼﻋﺈﺑ ﻪﺣﺍﺮﺳ ﻖﻠﻃﺃ ﻢﺛ ﺔﻠﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﺠﺳ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺝﺯﻭ ﻞﻘﺘﻋﺎﻓ ﻦﻳﺮــﺸﻌﻟﺍ
ﺪﺒﻋ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺯﻭ ﻪﻨﻣ ﺰــﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﺓﺪﻋ ﺪﻠﻘﺗ ١٩٢١ ﺔﻨــﺳ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ
ﲏﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﻫ ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ